There are yet several other equipment in a Chemical Plant and Petrochemical Complex that pose severe challenges to design engineers
Chimneys
These are needed to emit exhaust gases higher up in the atmosphere to ensure proper diffusion takes place.Acid condensation, corrosion determination,stability, deflection, foundation design cover a wide range of engineering principles beyond that considered for most other equipment except tall towers.
Agitators
Mixing is as universal a unit operation as heat transfer, fluid flow etc. Agitation refers to the induced motion of material apart from any mixing accomplished while normal mixing is random distribution of two or more initially separate phases (miscible or immiscible) or of elements of a single phase material having thermal or concentration gradients. Due to agitation, Solubilising, Blending, Suspension,Emulsion, Dispersion are achieved by correct use of impeller designs and operation parameters.
Attrition and Comminution Equipment
These equipment generally found in the Dyes and Paints industry comprise equipment as Ball Mills, Rod Mills, Sand Mills, Attritors, Pug Mixers etc. These bring about particle size reduction and mixing of the ingredients.
Bins, Silos and Hoppers
These are bulk material storage vessels, proper selection of which requires evaluation of many factors especially related to material being stored.Structural instability, caking or segregation, ratholing, choking, erratic discharge are some of the failures due to improper design